Morocco-Algeria: Looming Conflict - Politics Today Only the last of these leads to the outbreak of hostilities, because once the machinery of war has been set in motion, turning back becomes very difficult, if not impossible. Algeria-Morocco tensions: The onset of a regional cold war Reduced to these realistic proportions, such a policy may seem feasible. [23], During the Algerian War, Morocco backed the National Liberation Front, Algeria's leading nationalist movement, in its guerrilla campaign against the French. Though relations between the brotherly countries have never been without bumps in the road, Morocco and Algerias chilly ties have given way to open hostility over the past few months. Rabat announced the severance of diplomatic relations with Algiers in protest against the latters decision to join a number of mostly African countries recognising the unilateral decision of the Polisario Front to establish the so-called Sahrawi Arab Republic. He is, also, currently teaching Communication Skills and Translation and Interpreting to master students at The Institute for Leadership and Communication Studies ILCS- in Rabat, Morocco and supervising several Fulbright students in areas of religion and culture in Morocco. That's why debates like Goku vs. Superman, Link vs. [23] However, Hassan was reluctant to authorise it, fearing that another battle would prompt further military intervention from Algeria's allies. Marinid Sultanate (1244-1465) [ edit] Wattasid Sultanate (1472-1554) [ edit] Saadi Sultanate (1510-1659) [ edit] Alaouite Sultanate (1668-1912) [ edit] Kingdom of Morocco (1956-present) [ edit] References [ edit] ^ Mrini, Driss; Alaoui, Ismal (1997). The Algerian Prosecutors Office has opened an investigation to shed light on the materiality and extent of these crimes that threaten international peace and security, as well as human security, according to the official statement from Algiers. However, the "sources" are anonymous, which leaves a certain amount of uncertainty. The troops provided training to the Algerians, and their medical team offered the population free healthcare. Relations between arch-enemies Morocco and Algeria have hit a new low after three Algerian truck drivers were killed on Monday. Please contact us in case of abuse. - In order for bilateral military confrontation to occur, there are different patterns that have to be reached: o War is the ultimate instrument for the defence of the country's strategic interests, which include national security and the country's projection as an international actor. After Moroccan forces carried out an operation to drive Sahrawi separatists out of the Guerguerat crossing point in mid-November, as the rebel group had blocked access to the area, Sahrawi fighters are once again saying a war has erupted between Rabat and the Polisario. For foreign chancelleries, there are no compelling reasons for the unilateral severance of diplomatic relations decreed by Algiers on 24 August. Called the War of the Sands, this war refers to the attack of the Algerian army on Moroccan troops which caused the death of 12 Moroccan soldiers. In the absence of a positive and appropriate response from Rabat to these actions, the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it had recalled its ambassador in Rabat for consultation with immediate effect pending the taking of other possible measures depending on the evolution of this case and in particular the position of Morocco on this particularly dangerous drift. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco have never been as tense in 45 years. [44], Article 6 du trait, cit par Zartman, page 163, "Western Sahara: Nonviolent resistance as a last resort", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sand_War&oldid=1152716101. Cloud, Mario Vs.Sonic and others grew to such sizes. In this video, I have compared the air and naval forces of both countries with you================ Arabic : . Moreover, the two countries had already engaged in open warfare in 1963. War in the Sahara: 1963 by Karen Farsoun and Jim Paul The 1976 conflict between Algeria and Morocco recapitulates in many ways the earlier Saharan war of 1963. Moroccan youth organised a protest in front of the Algerian consulate in the northern city of Casablanca against Bouteflikas statements on human rights in the Sahara region. But before this last step, there are others through which Algeria or Morocco defends its vital interests. Hostilities between Morocco and Algeria have taken on a new dimension in recent months, especially over the Western Sahara question. This was first seen in the territorial dispute that led to the confrontation between the Algerian army and the royal army in 1963 during the Sands War (1963-1964). [5], Moroccan forces had planned a second offensive on Tindouf and occupied positions about four kilometres from the settlement. King Hassan II of Morocco visited Algiers in March 1963 to discuss the undefined borders, but Algeria's President Ahmed Ben Bella believed the matter should be resolved at a later date. [38] On October 29, Hassan and Ben Bella met to negotiate in Bamako, Mali, joined by Emperor Selassie and Mali's President Modibo Keta. He invaded the country in 1963. If you are reading this message your browser has Javascript disabled. Algerias hostility toward Morocco since its independence in 1962 is considered a real enigma by many foreign observers. [29], Despite internal discontent with the Algerian government, most of the country supported the war effort, which Algerians generally perceived as an act of Moroccan aggression. However, the contract between Algeria's state-owned energy company Sonatrach and the Moroccan National Office for Energy and Potable Water (ONEE) ended without renewal in late October this year. The Algerian government is taking this case particularly seriously since it is firmly opposed to any desire for independence from Kabylia, an Amazigh/ Berber-speaking region in northeast Algeria. Relations between the two North African states have been marred by several crises since their independence, particularly the 1963 Sand War, the . AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 23.4.3 Release Notes | AMD The Algerian foreign ministry protested against the authorities of some countries, especially Morocco, using the Israeli spyware programme Pegasus against Algerian officials and citizens. Nor is it particularly helpful that the careers of Moroccan and Algerian security officials, some of whom were recently appointed, are built around the Sahrawi question and thus a sense of antagonism towards the opposing side. The leaders of both countries exchanged visits as a testament to normalisation. The construction of the Maghreb must now be understood, more modestly, as a simple harmonization of traditionally competitive economies, and the development of more coherent diplomacy in a certain number of areas, particularly in relation to the European Union. The Africa Report takes an in-depth look at the forces involved. So far, and despite the magnitude of annual arms acquisitions ranging from 6.5 per cent of GDP for Morocco to no less than 10 per cent of GDP for Algeria, these huge arsenals are not solely for the purpose of confronting each other, but are part of the geo-political rivalry between the two countries in North Africa and the Western Mediterranean. o The media campaigns being waged in both countries, laden with accusations and insults, are more about the need to divert public attention from the real internal problems that exist in each country, caused by the effects of the pandemic, the growing socio-economic difficulties or the poor management of the economy, which is one hundred percent dependent on oil in the Algerian case, and on tourism and agriculture in the Moroccan case. Even the Front des Forces Socialistes(FFS), the oldest opposition party in Algeria, recalls that the unity of Algeria is a red line that no one can cross under any pretext, and that Kabylia is an integral part of the land of Algeria and states that this is a desperate attempt to strike at the unity of Algeria and sow discord among the Algerian people united and proud. During the Cold War, the late King Hassan II used this conflict as an instrument, drawing a parallel between the Western Sahara conflict and the confrontation between East and West, citing Algerias ideological proximity to the USSR. Golden State Warriors vs Minnesota Timberwolves - Sportskeeda It was also notable for ushering in the first multinational peacekeeping mission carried out by the Organisation of African Unity. "Morocco is in a difficult position where it needs to repair its relationship with the EU at the moment, and particularly now it wants to complete that process so it can focus its diplomatic efforts on the situation with Algeria. It is plain to see that neither Morocco nor Algeria want a full-blown conflict, as it would have disastrous consequences. In Algiers, this is not far from being considered a declaration of war. Three deaths and a threat of armed conflict. Progress on the issue has been at a standstill ever since Morocco and the Polisario Front signed a cease-fire agreement in 1991, but Rabat recently scored a few diplomatic wins, such as the United States' move to recognise Moroccan sovereignty over the territory in late 2020. [32], French sources reported Algerian casualties to be 60 dead and 250 wounded,[6] with later works giving a number of 300 Algerian dead. - Some of these stepping stones to armed conflict have already been completed: severance of diplomatic relations; total cooling of economic and trade relations; cancellation of contracts of joint ventures operating in both countries; suspension of the bilateral contract for the joint use of the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline linking Algeria-Morocco-Spain and Portugal; ban on Moroccan civilian and military flights over Algerian airspace; cancellation of international meetings of a multilateral nature in which both countries could be present (absence of the Moroccan and Algerian ministers at the Union for the Mediterranean meeting in Barcelona; suspension of the Russia-Arab World meeting in Marrakesh, to which the Algerian minister was invited; harsh dialectical clashes between the two diplomacies in various United Nations forums). Morocco-Algeria relations: What fuels the escalation? - DW The latter mentioned in particular stealth drones it is understood that they were supplied by Israel to Morocco which would have spread the fires in Kabylia. [34] The Cubans offloaded their equipment and transported it to the southwestern front by rail. Syria says Aleppo airport forced to shut after Israeli airstrike; 1 soldier killed, Israel falling far behind its own global warming emissions targets, McCarthy extols ties at Knesset, vows full support for Israeli security against Iran, Government agency warns judicial uncertainty will damage tech ecosystem, Knesset summer session opens with slugging match over judicial overhaul, Levin accuses US administration of cooperating with judicial overhaul opponents. However, even if Algiers has chosen to escalate by refusing to renew the gas contract and by closing its airspace, these measures are being taken with some restraint. According to Rabat, which controls 80% of the natural resources (fishing, phosphate) of this vast area, Western Sahara is an autonomous territory according to the UN, in the absence of a final settlement of the conflict. Even in regions where Ben Bella's regime remained deeply unpopular, such as Kabylie, the population offered to take up arms against the Moroccan invaders. [28] Ironically, at least four AMX-13s had also been donated by Morocco a year earlier. For the time being, however, all attempts have failed despite the autonomy plan proposed by Rabat and the claim of a referendum by the Polisario Front. Morocco vs Algeria Military Comparison 2022 | Who Would Win?Morocco vs Algeria military power comparison 2022Algeria vs Morocco military power comparisonAlgeria vs Morocco military comparisonAlgeria vs Morocco military power Morocco military power comparison 2022 Algeria military power comparison 2022Algeria vs Morocco army power military power comparison 2022 Morocco vs Algeria military power 2022Morocco vs AlgeriaWorld Military Loop Algeria vs MoroccoAlgeria vs Morocco MilitaryAlgeria vs Morocco military power Morocco military power comparison 2022Algeria military power comparison 2022#Morocco#Algeria#military#millitary_Comparison#millitaryComparison However, Morocco has recently scored astounding military successes against Polisario fighters thanks to its efficient drone strikes. The Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Morocco to the United Nations in New York, Omar Hilale on July 15, 2021, presented Algerias support for the self-determination of the Western Sahara region as hypocritical, in the face of Algeria denying similar rights to its Kabyle people. Since the evacuation in mid-November by Moroccan forces of the Guerguerat crossing, blocked for several weeks by Sahrawi independence fighters, it is again, if one is to believe the latter, war between Rabat and the Polisario. Morocco/Algeria: The armed forces behind the Western Sahara conflict In the case of UNFP, its leader, Mehdi Ben Barka, sided with Algeria, and was sentenced to death in absentia as a result. So far, no mediation has been successful, but both capitals do not close their doors to mediators. List of wars involving Morocco - Wikipedia Especially since Algiers first, followed by Rabat, has been engaged in an arms race Russian for Algeria, Western for Morocco for the past fifteen years, which has not had the virtue of creating a more fraternal atmosphere between the two countries. [39], The ceasefire was almost jeopardized on November 1, when Algerian troops assaulted a village near Figuig and positioned themselves against the town's airport. The North African neighbours are locked in a bitter rivalry over the disputed territory of Western Sahara, where the Algerian-backed Polisario movement seeks an independence referendum. In case of abuse. The Algerian authorities no longer see Morocco as a rival but as a potential enemy, seeking to destabilize a regime already weakened by an economy damaged by the fall in the price of oil in 2014 and by a political situation that has been at a standstill since the emergence of the Hirakin February 2019, a peaceful movement demanding a democratic transition. The Moroccan UNFP and the Algerian-Berber FFS of At Ahmed both suffered as a result of this. Algerian foreign minister Ramtane Lamamra announced the severing of diplomatic relations with Morocco over what he termed as successive aggressive steps. Simply use the dropdowns below to select your global powers. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune accused Morocco of supporting the Kabyle pro-independence organization MAK (Mouvement pour lautodtermination de la Kabylie), classified since last May as a terrorist by the same HCS. Source : wikipedia.org worlddata.infoGlobalfirepower================ About Morocco Army English :The Royal Moroccan Army (Arabic: Al-Quwwat al-Bariyah al-Malakiyah al-Maghribiyah, Standard Moroccan Tamazight: tasrdast tagldant) is the branch of the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations.The Royal Moroccan Army is about 215,000 troops strong and consists of 195,000 professional soldiers and 20,000 conscripts. Moreover, Morocco is one of the Unions main partners throughout the Mediterranean. Complete the form and download, for free, the highlights from The Africa Reports Exclusive Ranking of Africas top 200 banks from last year. [4] Although they were initially described as an advisory contingent to train the Algerian army, Fidel Castro also authorized their deployment in combat actions to safeguard Algeria's territorial integrity. But the fundamentals remain the same: political contradictions between the two regimes, rein? who would win a war between morocco and algeria It is, moreover, the Moroccan proximity to Israel which the Pegasus spying affair has only made more likely that has fuelled pro-government propaganda in Algeria during the fires. Moroccan King Mohammed VI urges Algeria to put aside the differences between the two neighbours and open a new page in their relations. In addition, Morocco has been keen on mending ties with various European countries, among them Germany, after several fallouts in the past year. However, no matter how you look at it, there are no winners anymore. - Secondly, in order for the war to come to a confrontation, there are several stages to go through. In November last year, then-US president Donald Trump had recognized Morocco's claim over the phosphate-rich Western Sahara as part of a quid pro quofor Rabat's normalization of diplomatic relations with Israel. Who would win a war between Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi - Quora Algeria has been using the Gaz-Maghreb-Europe pipeline (GME) for the past 25 years to deliver natural gas to Spain and Portugal via Morocco. In order to understand what is at stake, it is worth reflecting on several points: - First, for there to be a war, there must be two opposing camps, either alone as countries or in coalition with other allies. The two countries signed a two-phase border demarcation and good-neighbourliness treaty in 1969 and 1972 as a culmination of the end of the war and the border dispute. Algeria-Morocco relations - Wikipedia Why Algeria cut diplomatic ties with Morocco: and implications for the [31] This prompted further attempts at negotiations, but these proved ineffectual as well. Get your free PDF by completing the following form. Military Strength Comparisons for 2023 - Global Firepower And it does not help that Algiers embarked on an anything but brotherly arms race some 15 years ago that spurred Rabat to do the same, with Algeria buying up Russian-made military gear and Morocco turning to Western weapons suppliers. [29][28] The Algerian army also lacked trucks, aircraft, and jeeps. The Algerian government expressed its deep concern on this issue, considering these actions as an inadmissible systematic violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms which also constitutes a flagrant violation of the principles and norms governing international relations, and automatically attacked Morocco without any substantial evidence: Algeria expresses its deep concern over the revelations made by a consortium of several media bodies with a high professional reputation and revealing the widespread use by the authorities of some countries, and notably Morocco, of a spyware called Pegasus to spyon Algerian officials and citizens, as well as journalists and human rights defenders worldwide.. o The legal limbo in terms of international legality, in which the Western Sahara conflict finds itself, is not the cause of the crisis between Morocco and Algeria, although it is an aggravating factor. Since 1975, the dominant issue between the two countries has been the conflict in Western Sahara.After the former colonial power Spain withdrew its forces and handed control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, Algeria threw its support behind the local Sahrawi people's claims for self-determination and the Polisario movement fighting on their behalf. [39] The accord mandated a ceasefire for November 2, and announced that a commission consisting of Moroccan, Algerian, Ethiopian, and Malian officers would decide the boundaries of a demilitarized zone. Backed by neighbouring Algeria, the Polisario waged a guerrilla war until the . They are characterized by a rivalry for leadership in the region, but also by periods of tension. Morocco is more liberal and attached to Europe. In the 1890s, the French administration and military called for the annexation of the Tuat region. Welcome to the next big thing; WhoWouldWinAFight.com (WWWAF.com), the best online resource for determining - once and for all - who would win in a fight. Nabil Adghoghi, the first advisor to the Mission of the Kingdom of Morocco to the European Union, confirms that the foreign policy of the Sherifian Kingdom is anchored in Europe with a marked economic openness. Why is Netflix pouring billions into South Korean shows? On 1 November, the 67th anniversary of the outbreak of the Algerian War of Independence, three Algerian truck drivers, who were travelling between Nouakchott and Ouargla, were killed in an attack that Algiers attributed to Moroccan forces.
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