Trudy Zoologischkei Institut Akademiya Nayuk, SSSR 94:122132. plasmacyte E. anthracite, The symptoms of malaria are: A. jaundice B. abdominal Planktonic and benthic forams have a long fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period. The stramenopiles encompass an incredible diversity of organisms, including ecologically fundamental single-celled algae such as diatoms, giant macroalgae such as kelps, as well as photo-mixotrophic and heterotrophic species. green algae, Protists are NOT monophyletic. saprobes. E. none of the choices provided. Significance. A. B. Some of the multicellular brown algae may be massive, forming marine kelp forests. Sexual reproduction provides multiple benefits to protists. kinetoplastids C. They break down wastes. They are currently grouped with the stramenopiles and Rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria into the SAR supergroup . Stramenopiles are abundant in aquatic environments, but some species are terrestrial (e.g. As an environmental scientist, what would you suggest concerned citizens do to help prevent these red tides? Ciliates also have a unique method of sexual reproduction, calledconjugation. They are heterotrophs, but they are not parasites. Diatoms reproduce by: A. binary fission B. a sporic life The term 'stramenopile' was introduced by D. J. Patterson in 1989, defining a group that overlapped with the ambiguously defined heterokonts. They all have mitochondria and reproduce by open fission (mitosis). conjugation -the presence of a feeding groove The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or "hairy," flagellum. Twenty-one classes are recognized including five nonphotosynthetic groups. D. dengue fever SARis one of the five eukaryotic supergroups currently recognized by the The International Society of Protistologists. Select the statement that correctly describes differences among these four types of algae. A. Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles A. cyanobacteria responses to changing environments. separate, each with two nuclei, one of its own and one from its B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. Tests, if present, are of overlapping siliceous or organic scales or plates. They are pathogenic. osmotrophs, Heterotrophic protists that feed on nonliving organic material function as: They are generally unified by the possession of two unequal flagella, one with tripartite tubular hairs, and have been shown to form a monophyletic group in many molecular phylogenetic analyses. C. Directional movement toward the food particle using an amoeboid motion D. They have filose pseudopodia. These often form a pellicle, which is used in various species for motility, defense, or host cell invasion. Rhizaria [a] The most significant autotrophic stramenopiles are the brown algae (wracks and many other seaweeds), and the diatoms. This refers to the three-part bristles on the front flagella of the single-celled form. A. phyla Flagellated stramenopiles often have two dissimilar flagella. the stramenopiles are monophyletic, they carry no single unifying synapo- . Ciliates have two nuclei that differ in morphology. Blastocystis is a parasite of humans;[25] They are named for their cilia, which function to move the organism through the water, and/or to direct food into anoral groove. C. conjugation A. B. The disease it causes is: B. pathogens, JoAnn Burkholder and colleagues performed an experiment to determine whether or not two strains of Pfisteria shumwayae (CCMP 1024C and CCMP 2089) were toxic to mammalian cells. Many alveolates, but not all, have plastids. B. the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. A. the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds macronuclei fuse to form a diploid one and the eight haploid 5 -A host cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. B. red algae micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one undergoes A. sporozoite They both absorb nutrients from their environment. B. hard shells composed of calcium carbonate The stipes of some kelps have a central zone of elongated conducting cells. A. The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or "hairy," flagellum. Alveolate - Wikipedia This contextual clarification is rare, such that when the taxon name is used, it is unclear how it should be understood. D. No movement because the cell synthesizes its own food Cercozoa(cercozoans): Cercozoans were first identified as a molecular clade that is structurally not unified. C. Amoebozoa T or F, Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic, live in moist environments, and cannot be classified in the animal, plant, or fungal kingdoms. Enigmatic Stramenopile Sheds Light on Early Evolution in Ochrophyta Rather than continue to use a name whose meaning had changed over time and was hence ambiguous, the name 'stramenopile' was introduced to refer to the clade of protists that had tripartite stiff (usually flagellar) hairs and all their descendents. Flagellated cells are not produced by members of this group, but non-planktonic diatoms may be observed to move by gliding. D. autotrophic Stramenopiles are eukaryotes; since they are neither fungi, animals, nor plants, they are what used to be called protists. Nothing else can eat them. E. It occurs commonly in bacteria. D. the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria liver E. spleen, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a: A. In sexual reproduction in ciliates the sequence of events is: A. Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae) Allorge 1930 emend. disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of The stramenopiles include the golden algae ( Chrysophyta ), the brown algae ( Phaeophyta ), and the diatoms ( Bacillariophyta ). Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. The other subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. Stramenopiles This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. A. Ciliates B. Rhodophyta C . opalines and proteromonads live in the intestines of cold-blooded vertebrates and have been called parasites;[26] E. No movement because it is cemented in place. Which of the following characteristics is unique to the stramenopiles [Solved] Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A)double plastids B)hairy flagella C)alveoli D)flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane E)calcium carbonate crystals alveoli, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: A. Directional movement toward the food particle using a swimming motion Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity | manoa.hawaii.edu A bird that died and fell to the forest floor. As a relic of secondary endosymbiosis, stramenopiles possess unusually complex organelle membranes. mosquitoes, that constitutes a serious health problem for humans. B. spirochaetes C. These pigments warn grazers of Which of the following is NOT true of horizontal gene transfer? when there is not enough light 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved A. green algae B. If this chemical is incorporated into a mouthwash, how would it affect the community of bacteria that cause dental plaque? C. plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis B. chloroplast, lysosomes, nucleus, endosymbiotic Algae appear in colors of gold, brown, red, or green. Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. secondary endosymbiosis 100,000 species D. Their negative effects would be increased because it will cause them to produce the acid that damages teeth. Second, when Chromalveolata was originally proposed, it was united based on the hypothesis that the members of the group were descended from a single biflagellate organism that engulfed a red alga via secondary endosymbiosis. The name Stramenopiles (replacing the previous Chrysophyta, Heteokonts and Chromista) means straw-haired. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. Her eyes show no ulceration or conjunctivitis. disease it causes is: A.diabetes B. malaria C. A. E. The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand. B. malaria The familiar west coastMacrocystis pyriferamay grow over 45 meters long (about 150 feet) and be a major component of kelp forests. C. They break down wastes. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. A. While some lack cell walls, others have scales. -It caused algae to produce cell walls. The two ciliates exchange one micronucleus, then the two fuse to form a new diploid micronucleus. dinoflagellate hairy flagella E. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil and Gonium pectorale cells lack flagella, while Pleodorina californica and Volvox have biflagellate somatic cells. Many important photosynthesizers are stramenopiles and not all stramenopiles are single-celled. B. Rhizaria Yes, because its skeleton could have been replaced by minerals to form a fossil. part of the plankton? These similarities to true fungi are now considered to be homoplasies. E. lockjaw. -are all more closely related to bacteria than they are to other organisms mature cells A host each cell forms a new haploid macronucleus and the other divides What are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? fungusE. These flagella pull motile cells through the water. bottom until stimulated by chemicals from fish. The protists are a diverse group of eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. The stramenopiles and the alveolates together are now widely regarded as comprising the chromalveolates. E. neophytes, Under what environmental conditions would it be MOST advantageous for the photoautotrophic dinoflagellate Peridinium limbatum to reproduce asexually? The photosynthetic species possess plastids of secondary or higher red algal origin. -Decomposers are 'the end' of the food chain. 1, node 4). This means: A. that all This means: conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in each cell fuse to form a A. diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. dinoflagellates Cavalier-Smith 1993, Bolidophyceae Guillou & Chretiennot-Dinet 1999, Phaeophyceae (brown seaweeds) Hansgirg 1886. They are geologically useful as index fossils, with about 50,000 named species (about 10,000 species still extant). cycle E. spontaneous generation, Diatoms have a special problem: A. because their + and - is a(n): A. algaB. C. Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can. Plastids originated from which of the following groups of prokaryotes? [10][11] The name "stramenopile" has been discussed by J. C. D. cyanobacteria mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. State clearly the mole ratio used for the conversion. the overlapping halves of their siliceous shells, D. because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox B. gametocyte Haptophyta, The plastids of red algae originated via: mitotically to form eight new haploid micronuclei, (7) the two haploid C. Encourage sustainable fishing This group includes theStramenopiles,Alveolates, andRhizarians. C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in dispersal. B. to insure survival in the uterus. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Trichomonas vaginalis? [27] Supergroup Archaeplastida I red algae, green algae, charophytes, seedless plants, Supergroup Archaeplastida II seed plants, Supergroup Opisthokonta Basal Animals and Deuterostomes.
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