sake of human liberty. G. tolerance --> a greater acceptance of different societies and cultures. History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section 30: "Western Europe After Utrecht (1713-1740)" * The Peace of Utrecht - Ended the War of the Spanish Succession - Ended Louis XIV ambitions for a Universal Monarchy * England and France - Major Powers now - Spain all but eliminated * Preserved the European State System * Phillip V - King of Spain - result of Treaty of Utrecht - Spain had been partitioned . The peace treaties involving Spain took longer to arrange. -April 1640: Charles forced to call Parliament (needs $ fight Scots) under The disputed throne of Spain was given to the French Philip V, but the union of the French and Spanish thrones was forbidden. -- L'etat, c'est moi! Happened during the Nine Years' War. The Seven Northern Dutch provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, creating a defensive alliance against the Spanish, but they were politically independent with no absolute ruler. [5] Reluctantly the United Provinces accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but Emperor Charles VI refused to do so until he was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. ~ Primary Interest in Increasing Russia's Size + Military Power ("Windows to the West") Instead, the States General was the legislative body, which was made up of nobles. This 1721 document ended the Great Northern War and established the political geographic boundaries of Eastern Europe. C. Only true authority is the Bible. Following this, the Congress of Utrecht opened on 29 January 1712, with the British representatives being John Robinson, Bishop of Bristol, and Thomas Wentworth, Lord Strafford. In 1566, the Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, officially becoming the independent Dutch Republic in 1648. The Netherlands was home to a number of important scientists and philosophers, and the country was at the forefront of the scientific revolution that took place during this period. treaties of Utrecht, also called Peace of Utrecht, (April 1713-September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). -- he issued the Edict of Nantes (** see treaties sheet ) Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of hegemony in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the balance of power. Thus, the Dutch Republic was really more of an oligarchy, with power concentrated in the hands of wealthy merchants. -reduces Bohemian Estates (noble assemblies) Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. You join either have text and image or an umbrella option but always both. First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English. The Netherlands is a small, low-lying country located at the crossroads of Europe, and this gave it a unique advantage as a trading and transportation hub. D. Printing press in Germany spread Luther's ideas. In the treaty with Prussia, France acknowledged Frederick Is royal title (claimed in 1701) and recognized his claim to Neuchtel (in present Switzerland) and southeast Gelderland. -- strengthened the army. Subjects: ap european history midterm . Cultural flourishing: The Dutch Golden Age was also a time of great cultural flourishing. -- he launched bold new foreign policy ventures chalenging the Dutch for the commercial -- much financial abuse in Church --> simony, benefices; 30% of land in Eur. The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17c. Parliament (** see your notes for further details **) Semester One - Mr. Johnston's AP European History AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 5 Analyze the factors that prevented the development of a unified German state in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. sometimes seen as an "Enlightened Despot" (this is questionable). ~ bulk of taxes fell onto towns, MONEY=> make army => make bureaucracy => Don't need nobility => consolidate power on own H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). -- he backed the nobility in the Peasant Revolt. ~ Peace of Utrecht Abstract The Peace of Utrecht's greatest claim to fame in the historiography of the law of nations is that it introduced the balance of power into the positive law of nations. -Calvinists gain legal recognition, independence of Swiss Confederacy, and United Provinces of Netherlands, are a long recognized proclaimed in law Black Death --> economic and social upheaval. [40] The acquisition of the Barrier Fortresses however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. PAX for peace mrt. Scientific and intellectual achievements: The Dutch Golden Age was also marked by a number of scientific and intellectual achievements. Basic and lasting changes in education and the image and role of women. order to produce more capital. Ask an Expert. The treaty of Utrecht confirmed the system of sovereign states established earlier by the Peace of Westphalia. E. new trade restrictions (ex. -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite The question of the Spanish Succession was finally settled in favour of the Bourbon Philip V, grandson of Frances Louis XIV. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). ~ people tied to the King, opposed by Dutch, English and Sweden B. A. Henry IV of Navarre (1589-1610) -Tried to get approval, but agreements unbinding, -Takes control and visits West (1697-1698) -Expenses of war devastated economy (taxes, forced borrowing) While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It weakened Great Britain's effort to replace France as leading colonialpower. - January 1642: king attempts arrest several Parliament members, leaves London and prepares for War, Civil War fought between Roundheads (Parliament) and Cavaliers (Royalists) II. -Prussia became militaristic society "Sparta of the North", Set up: Netherlands were bankers, traders, manufactures Renaissance to Peace of Westphalia TRENDS WOMEN (quenelle des femmes) - Christine de Pizan (1364- 1430) prolific writer, 1st to earn living, refute "masculine myths" about women europe's first feminist - humanism real advance for aristocratic women humanistic education small number of women- still excluded from guilds and denied basic civl rights Peace of Westphalia | Definition, Map, Results, & Significance LUTHER --> the Bible was a way of life; did not believe in pompous Church ceremonies; clergy not important; everyone is their own priest; one should be able to talk to God directly. C. Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI) Test Act. -strong monarchy necessary to end chaos of war and rebellion, Manipulating Nobility: Even after paying expenses associated with the Dutch Barrier, increased tax revenues from the Austrian Netherlands funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military. granted them exclusive control over foreign access to ports in the United Provinces . -Duke of Alba marched army into Netherlands to threaten English invasion nobility. (1337-1453) Long series of wars between France and England, (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy, (1555) Treaty in which Charles V allowed regional Princes to dictate the religion of their lands, (1559) Treaty that ended the Habsburg-Valois wars, (1618-1648) war that started with the defenestration of Prague; the last major war to be started because of religion, (1618-1625) first phase of the 30 years' war; conflict between catholics and protestants; protestants lose at the battle of White Mountain, (1625-1629 second phase of the 30 years' war; protestant King Christian IV of Denmark steps in against HRE Catholics but is beaten by Albert of Wallenstein; in 1629 Ferdinand II outlaws calvinism in the HRE, (1630-1635) third phase of the 30 years' war; King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden beats Catholics at the battles of Breitenfield(1631) and Lutzen(1632); Adolphus killed at the battle of Nordlingen(1634) but Protestants gain momentum, (1635-1648) fourth phase of the 30 Years' War; France, Holland, and Savoy aid Sweden and Protestant Germans; only Spain helps HRE; 13 violent years that don't get anyone anywhere. Following the passage of the treaty, the British government gained a thirty-year access to the Asiento de Negros. ~ royal officials = INTENDANTS sent to provinces to carry orders of the king, (reduced local governor powers) Peace of Utrecht. - Catholic Church paid no taxes owning 20% of land -- Hapsburg interests --> Bohemia, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Balkans). . Dec 1, 1453. The Asiento de Negros had come about due to the fact that the Spanish Empire rarely engaged in the transatlantic slave trade itself, preferring to outsource this to foreign merchants. AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide: 18 AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide Absolutism, Nation-States, and Commercial Revolution b. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip on one hand, and representatives of Queen Anne of Great Britain, King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, King John V of Portugal and the United Provinces of the Netherlands on the other. -no Huguenot churches, schools -created strong central bureaucracy The War of the Spanish Succession was occasioned by the failure of the Habsburg king, Charles II of Spain, to produce an heir. PDF The Peace Of Utrecht A Historical Review Of The Great Treaty Of 1713 14 -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation A. dissatisfaction with wealth of Church; poor people believing bishops were of the wealthy -- he denounced the Pope for involvement in politics as well as religion. C. Strict interpretation of the Bible. G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). 49. Huguenots right to worship in selected areas/ fortified towns That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of Catalonia and an armistice in Italy. The party in the administration of Robert Harley (created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer on 23 May 1711) and the Viscount Bolingbroke proved more flexible at the bargaining table and were characterized by the Whigs as "pro-French"; Oxford and Bolingbroke persuaded the Queen to create twelve new "Tory peers"[27] to ensure ratification of the treaty in the House of Lords. AP Euro Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com ~Edict of Restitution: [6], With Great Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. B. -continued hereditary office holders These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old Louis XV as his great-grandfather's heir. Le 2. 2 . -- government and administration: -- farm families can supplement their incomes. - Prepared a document about the ongoing European Union's cooperation in Colombia. -- religion AP Euro > Unit 3 3.6 Balance of Power 5 min read january 21, 2023 Jillian Holbrook Catherine Brown After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, a new competitive state system developed, heralding new patterns of warfare and diplomacy. -- SEE TREATIES PAGE for Peace of Augsburg (1555), Edict of Nantes (1598), and The former Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan went to Emperor Charles VI. (Lord Protector) The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. -- joint-stock companies. Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. Their decline as powerful European states paved the way for new absolutist states to rise up in their place. England and France experienced very different political and social developments in the late 17c. -Roundheads ally w/ Scots, led by Oliver Cromwell -> New Model Army, -Parliament purges more moderate members leaving radical Puritans -> PRIDE'S PURGE => RUMP PARLIAMENT -adopted mercantilism policies (export more than import), "open a window to the west" an ice free port on the Baltic Sea w/ Euro access gave them almost complete control over the Mediterranean and North seas . demography. ***William+ Mary protect Netherlands using English Power, -opposed by Brandenburg, Spain, Holy Roman Emperor divinely ordained, God ruled through King, Cardinal Richelieu: Chief minister to Louis XIII [10], Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. This system allowed for a great degree of freedom and democracy, and it contributed to the country's prosperity and cultural flourishing. Chapter 3 The Peace of Utrecht, the Balance of Power and the - Brill Supremacy in Mediterranean: News; Article reviews; Podcasts; esicm-tv; Sections; Coronavirus - Public health . 100 years war. \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ Peace of Augsburg. Atalantic Seaboard replaces Mediterranean -- War of Devolution. The House of Hanover succeeded to the British throne and the former Spanish territories in Italy were ceded to the Habsburgs. Peace of Westphalia Signed in 1648; deadliest war in Europe; re establishes peace of Augsburg; puts end to religious warfare for the most part; creates power of diplomacy, doesn't let anyone get too powerful Absolutism Total power of a monarch with no governing body, set of laws, to answer to (Conservatism) Versailles E. utilitarianism (Bentham) --> laws created for the common good and not for special interests. Spains treaty with Britain (July 13) gave Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain. 5 & 2,000 B. -Estonia, much of present day Latvia ceded to Russia D. Martin Luther's 95 Theses. I. -peasants in 25 year stints of service Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain, Balance of power (international relations), Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. The powers of Europe fought against a possible unity of France and Spanish, which would then upset the balance of power. Janvier 1710, "The Peace of Utrecht and the Balance of Power", "Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, The British Empire and the Atlantic World in the 17th and 18th Centuries", "Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain", Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products, "A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers", David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 17141760", "The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power", "The Origins of National Debt: The Financing and Re-financing of the War of the Spanish Succession", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&oldid=1149888949, Convention for the Evacuation of Catalonia, Peace, Alliance and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Commerce and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Explanatory Peace and Commerce Treaty of Madrid, This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 02:22. -cooperation and collaboration rather than control AP Euro Wars. aristocracy. Issues: [22] France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including Cape Breton Island, where it built the Fortress of Louisbourg, then the most expensive military installation in North America. H. development of the modern British political system: -- The Index of Forbidden Books. Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713). E. Consubstantiation. I. The Idea of the Balance of Power i. A. inflation --> "price revolution". Chapter 17 - AP European History Chapter Outlines - Study Notes Essentially, the treaties allowed Philip V (grandson of King Louis XIV of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe.[1]. E. Development of the Domestic System: Ap Euro Events Terms in this set (16) Peace of Augsburg 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups Council of Trent -Prevent Marriage to Compromise Religion between Henry of Navarre wed to Catholic Sister of Reigning King, Catholics led by Guise: On Aug. 13, 1713, the Spanish treaty with Savoy was concluded, ceding the former Spanish possession of Sicily to Victor Amadeus II as his share of the spoils of war. Euro-> NW: crops, domestic animals, diseases Period of "creative breakup" Nations had the desire for increased world power through their colonial empires. Enire review of Ap Euro terms. Determined to Westernize Europeanize "backwards Russia", Restructures Military: Brought religious peace to HRE. - St. Petersburg built as new Russian capital (1703) Corrections? ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power A. Henry VIII of England resented the church for not granting him a divorce of Catherine of Aragon. -- religious toleration, but leaned toward the Catholics. -- "Babylonian Captivity" (Russia= Boyars, nobility tied to Service) I. AP European History Timeline | Preceden -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands -- arbitrary abuse of power (quartering troops, ship money, arbitrary arrests, etc.) Test: AP European History. V. Lutheranism: AP Euro - 3.6 Balance of Power | Fiveable -- Colbert, finance minister. IV. Maria Theresa made an alliance with the British, and by 1748, all parties were tired and agreed to stop fighting by the peace treaty . - more taxation -- Test Act (1673). He also believed that rulers should rule without anyone's consent. 1685 Edict of Fountainebleau revokes Edict of Nantes, Creates centralized administration He fought other European nations that tried to prevent the union of Spain and France under his monarchy. 8-9 Points Thesis must include reference to at least three factors (a factor can be an event, like the posting of the 95 Theses or the Thirty Years' War). JOHN CALVIN --> people already predestined for salvation; success on earth determined place in heaven; hard work and no leisure time were signs of success. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the Asiento de Negros; as historian G.M. the court at Versailles was too removed from the lives and problems of the common people. 2 & 900 \\ -replaced w/ Board of Administrators to run agencies (justice, war) in absence -Based on trade w/ Americas + silver mines when region moving towards independence (needing materials Spain didn't have) -- the accumulation of capital in the hands of the entrepreneur made possible the purchase of raw The Reformation. System of international commerce Spain was compelled to give Britain control of the lucrative West African slave trade and to let Britain send one ship of merchandise into the Spanish colonies annually, through Porto Bello on the Isthmus of Panama. (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy. d. The Peace of Utrecht | Western Civilization ~ soldiers doubled as tax collectors/police/state bureaucracy Year(t)Cashflow1$800290031,00041,50052,000\begin{array}{cc} (literal) In 1566, the Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, officially becoming the independent. ~Guise Family (fund by Jesuits) = Ultra-Catholic, destroy protestants, replace monarch -acquired 12 towns : E. Charles II (1660-1685) --> Stuart Restoration Nations sought new sources of wealth and new economic theories and practices to deal with Politics and Greed overshadowed religion and brought many parties into war. Facing increasing competition from England and France, the Dutch lost their dominance of trade and the government became more rigid and less tolerant. AP European History. overseas empire and Austria and Prussia over the leadership of Germany. Queen Anne and her advisors had also come to agree.[26]. https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage - The Treaty of Utrecht. The transition from the Middle Ages to early modern times represented a shift in emphasis Price Revolution: importation into Europe of huge quantities of gold/silver cause price revolution = inflation H. Refusal to recognize the authority of the Pope. of. ~ enforced spy network to uncover noble plots ap-dia - ESICM AP_European_-_Chapter_4_Review_Guide - Chapter 4 The -- never again would British kings be as powerful as Parliament. -rebuplican+ middle class values, not aristocratic [13][14][15][16][17][18], The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level the fortifications of Dunkirk, block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, [which] shall never be reconstructed". 2.1: Absolutism and Reaction - Paul Sargent Makes History militarily. The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. Treaty of Westphalia (1648). 17c England: (see notes on the sheet regarding the evolution of Parliament) Some of the most famous Dutch painters of this period include, The Dutch Golden Age was also marked by a number of scientific and intellectual achievements. B. answer choices Treaty of Utretcht Treaty of Nystad -Habsburg possessions not to be divided and passed onto single heir The French negotiator Melchior de Polignac taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark de vous, chez vous, sans vous,[28] meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". Due Monday April 20: Create timeline like last time ( below) - one overall course - other Early Politics - you can draw and send pictures, PowerPoint, or Google Slides: email to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. - Europe fears United Spanish/French crown -Treaty of Non-such: English soldiers+ Calvary to Netherlands, -Beheaded Mary Stuart for planning to overthrow from throne -> causes Pope Sixtus to no longer retrain public support and Spain attempts to invade England, II. -Son succeeds Oliver but resigns in failure in 1659 [citation needed], On 2 January 1710, king Louis XIV of France agreed to commence peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg[es]. King of Spain from France during the first half of the 1700's. B. Charles I (1625-1649) -universities for skilled technicians, and experts (5 yr. required abroad for nobility sons) strong in Spain --> expulsion of the Moors {Moriscos} -- the capitalist entrepreneur could now operate without the restrictions imposed by the urban guilds. -- became unpopular because of his open Catholicism and return to absolute rule. B. bullionism --> the accumulation of precious metals by governments was seen as very important to the -adopts western dress, manners, style - rebuilt armies come back and win at Battle of Poltava (1709) [36] However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter Maria Theresa. VIII. One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation. [42][43] The Dutch had in any case successfully defended their positions in the Southern Netherlands and their troops were central in the alliance which halted French territorial expansion in Europe until a new cycle began in 1792. C. The upper class saw an opportunity to confiscate church property. -Revokes religious freedoms of Protestants ~ Religious Divisions increase tensions for War At this time, neither European power saw North America as a place worth devoting significant military resources. -- mercantilism. D. Rejected Papal authority. France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. -- Puritan Republic. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Background: Death of Henry II, followed by weak rulers and regency rule by Catherine d' Medici III. Renaissance Europe . -Peace of Nystadt (1721): government. B. policies of Leopold II, Maria Theresa, Joseph II --> "Enlightened Despots" Pessimistic about man; optimistic about God. -Austria -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite [2] British historian G. M. Trevelyan argued that: That Treaty, which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great Britain.[3]. - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England Ch. 4: Age of Religious Wars (AP EURO) Quiz - Quizizz In the treaty with the Dutch, France agreed that the United Provinces should annex part of Gelderland and should retain certain barrier fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands. -- economic and financial policies 5 Major Powers: The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. Since the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket As he had reigned over a vast global empire, the question of who would succeed him had long troubled . systems. -- War of the League of Augsburg. HistoryNotes-12-5-05 - History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section - Course Hero -Turkish Army laid Siege to Vienna 1683 -> peak Muslims in Europe DOC CHAPTER 15 NOTESResponse to Crisis: State Building and the Search for C. capitalism --> private ownership of the means of production and distribution; capital is invested in Apr 13, 1598 . ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power - Russia becomes Dominant BALTIC POWER, Thirty Years war and weakened power of Estates in German Territories allowed elector to move towards consolidation of power -- Calvinist church came largely from these ideas (Max Weber's thesis -- "Protestant Another important factor in the Dutch Golden Age was the country's political and economic system. Another enduring result was the creation of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty, which still reigns over Spain up to the present day whilst the French branch of the House of Bourbon has long since been dethroned. - fails unification due to religious differences II. - Philip concerned with enjoying life In South America, Spain returned Colnia do Sacramento in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and Oyapock rivers, now in Brazil. B. -- individual interpretation of Sacred Scriptures. goal: eliminate Protestantism in France & replace Henry III, Guise supported by Spain & Protestants supported by German Princes
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